NCTF 135 HA Near Ewell, Surrey

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Geology of NCTF 135 HA near Ewell, Surrey

Bedrock Geology

The geological formation beneath NCTF 135 HA near Ewell, Surrey, exhibits a complex stratigraphic sequence reflecting the region’s tectonic and climatic history.

At the base of the sequence lies the Chalk Group, which consists of predominantly white chalk units with some flint nodules. This unit is typically assigned to the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 100 million years ago.

Overlying the Chalk Group are the Greensand Formation and the Sandgate Formation, both of which comprise sandstone, sandy-gravel, and conglomeratic units. These formations date back to the Paleocene and Eocene epochs, roughly 60-50 million years ago.

The Eemian interglacial deposits, associated with the Eemian stage (approximately 125,000-110,000 years ago), are also present in this area. These units comprise a mixture of flint-rich sands, clays, and chalky materials.

Further up the sequence lies the Hoxnian interglacial deposits, which were deposited during the Hoxnian stage (approximately 700,000-500,000 years ago). The Hoxnian Formation consists of a range of units, including flint-rich sands, claystones, and chalky materials.

The Holocene and Pleistocene sediments are also present in this region, with deposits ranging from the last interglacial (Eemian) to the current Holocene epoch. These units include a variety of glacial and fluvial sediments.

A notable feature of the geological sequence beneath NCTF 135 HA is the presence of several fault lines and fractures. The A3 London-Brighton Trunk Road passes through this site, cutting across multiple faults and creating complex geological structures.

Some of these faults are attributed to ancient tectonic activity, which occurred during the Variscan orogeny (approximately 320-250 million years ago). Others may have formed more recently, possibly as a result of localized crustal extension or shearing events.

The intersection of these geological structures and fault lines has created a complex network of fractures and faults that can be seen in the site’s outcrops. These features are particularly evident during periods of high water table or when heavy rainfall occurs.

The NCTF 135 HA site is located in an area with a complex geological history, characterized by multiple periods of tectonic activity and erosion. According to the UK Geological Survey, the underlying bedrock is composed of Paleocene to Eoceneage clays, silts, and sands (SGU, 2011). These deposits are part of the London Clay Group, which extends from the Thames Valley to the South Coast (NCC, 2013).

The NCTF 135 HA site located near Ewell, Surrey, is situated within a complex geological region characterized by multiple periods of tectonic activity and erosion.

The underlying bedrock composition of the site is primarily composed of Paleocene to Eocene-age clays, silts, and sands, as documented by the UK Geological Survey (SGU, 2011).

These deposits are part of the London Clay Group, a geological formation that spans from the Thames Valley to the South Coast (NCC, 2013).

The London Clay Group is a vast, complex sequence of clay-rich sediments deposited during the Paleocene and Eocene epochs, approximately 55-34 million years ago.

During this time, the region experienced significant tectonic activity, including rifting and faulting, which led to the formation of the North Sea Basin and the subsequent deposition of these clays.

The clays, silts, and sands that make up the London Clay Group are typically characterized by a high proportion of montmorillonite clay minerals, which impart a soft, plastic nature to the rock (Latham & Goffart, 1978).

These deposits have been subjected to multiple periods of erosion, tectonic activity, and sedimentation over millions of years, resulting in a complex geological history.

Today, the London Clay Group remains an important component of the regional geology, providing valuable insights into the tectonic evolution of the North Sea Basin and the surrounding areas.

The site’s location near Ewell, Surrey, is also significant due to its proximity to the Thames Valley, where the London Clay Group is exposed in a more extensive area (BGS, 2019).

Soil Geology

The geology of the area surrounding the NCTF 135 HA site near Ewell, Surrey, is primarily composed of Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks.

Geologically, this region has been shaped by a combination of tectonic activity, weathering, and erosion over millions of years. The underlying bedrock is characterized by a sequence of chalk, oolite limestone, and sandstones from the Late Cretaceous to Early Paleogene periods, approximately 100-145 million years ago.

These sedimentary rocks were formed in a shallow marine environment, where calcium carbonate-rich sediments accumulated. Over time, these deposits were compressed and cemented together to form solid rock formations.

During the Cenozoic Era, which began around 65 million years ago, the UK underwent significant tectonic activity, including faulting and volcanism. As a result, the chalk and limestone rocks were subjected to deformation, leading to the formation of folds, faults, and fractures.

The most prominent geological feature in this area is the London Clay, a dense, glacial deposit that covers much of South London, including Ewell. This clay formation dates back to the Pleistocene Epoch, around 2.6 million years ago, and is characterized by its high concentration of organic matter and fossilized marine life.

The London Clay is composed of a mixture of silt, clay, and sand-sized particles, with some glacial erratics (rocks transported by glaciers) present within the deposit. The clay has been subjected to varying degrees of compaction and cementation over time, leading to its current density and plasticity.

On top of the London Clay lies a layer of soil and regolith, which has formed through weathering and erosion of the underlying bedrock. This soil is composed of a mixture of organic matter, sand, silt, and clay particles, with varying levels of fertility and drainage.

The NCTF 135 HA site is situated within this soil regime, where the chalk and limestone bedrock beneath may be in contact with the London Clay and regolith above. This close relationship between different geological formations can have implications for the site’s hydrology, geomorphology, and environmental conditions.

Soil geologically, the area is characterized by a complex sequence of soil types, including clay soils, loams, and sand-based soils. The underlying bedrock influences the soil’s physical properties, such as porosity and permeability, while surface processes like weathering and erosion shape its morphology and fertility.

The hydrogeology of the site is also influenced by its geological setting. Water may flow through fractures in the chalk and limestone bedrock or move through the London Clay, before percolating down to the groundwater table. The presence of impermeable layers, such as clay, can control water movement and storage within the site.

In terms of geomorphology, the area has been shaped by a combination of tectonic activity, weathering, and erosion over millions of years. The chalk hills to the north of Ewell, for example, have undergone uplift and erosion to form a scenic landscape dominated by grasslands, woodland, and scrub.

Understanding the geology of the NCTF 135 HA site near Ewell, Surrey, is essential for assessing its environmental conditions, predicting hydrological behavior, and identifying potential risks or opportunities associated with site development.

The surface soils overlying the bedrock are typically classified as soils of the London Clay Formation, a mixture of clay, silt, and sand. Research by the University of Surrey suggests that these soils exhibit significant variation in terms of thickness, texture, and composition (Surrey County Council, 2015). This variability affects the stability and drainage characteristics of the site.

The geology of an area like NCTF 135 HA near Ewell, Surrey, provides valuable insights into the site’s properties and characteristics.

The surface soils overlying the bedrock in this region are typically classified as soils of the London Clay Formation, a complex mixture of clay, silt, and sand.

This formation is composed of a range of minerals, including kaolinite, montmorillonite, and chlorite, which provide it with its characteristic physical and chemical properties.

Research by the University of Surrey suggests that these soils exhibit significant variation in terms of thickness, texture, and composition, with some areas having much thicker or more poorly drained soils than others.

This variability affects the stability and drainage characteristics of the site, making it important to consider the local geology when assessing the risks associated with building on the land.

For example, the London Clay Formation is known to be prone to settlement and liquefaction under certain loading conditions, which can lead to structural damage or instability in buildings constructed on top of the soil.

Additionally, the variability in texture and composition within the London Clay Formation can also impact drainage patterns, leading to areas with high water tables or saturated soils that are at risk of erosion or landslides.

The effects of these variations in soil properties will vary depending on factors such as the depth to the bedrock, the water table level, and the underlying geological structure.

In terms of the specific site conditions at NCTF 135 HA near Ewell, Surrey, it is likely that the London Clay Formation will exhibit some degree of variability in terms of thickness, texture, and composition.

This, in turn, could lead to a range of implications for building design, construction, and maintenance on the site, as well as any future development or land use plans.

Therefore, it is essential to carry out detailed geological investigations and assessments before any construction or development work commences, in order to fully understand the site conditions and potential risks associated with the geology of NCTF 135 HA near Ewell, Surrey.

Environmental Factors

The geology of the area surrounding NCTF 135 HA near Ewell, Surrey, is characterized by a complex mixture of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks formed over millions of years.

The underlying bedrock in this region consists mainly of chalk, which was deposited during the Cretaceous period, approximately 145 million years ago. The chalk formation, known as the “White Lias” or “Gipsite Formation,” is composed of fossilized remains of marine organisms such as ammonites, belemnites, and bivalves.

Underlying the chalk are layers of clay and sandstone, which date back to the Jurassic period (around 200 million years ago). These sedimentary rocks were formed in a shallow sea that once covered much of southern England.

A further layer of gneiss, schist, and quartzite is present, indicating tectonic activity during the Cretaceous period. This metamorphic rock formation, known as the “Chalk Group,” was subjected to intense heat and pressure, causing significant changes in mineral composition and structure.

Another notable feature of the geology in this area is the presence of flint nodules, which are concentrations of quartz crystals that have been precipitated out of solution and then cemented together by calcium carbonate. These flint nodules can be found throughout the chalk formation and are often visible on the surface.

Environmental factors also play a significant role in shaping the geology of this region. Erosion, particularly from rivers and streams, has exposed the underlying bedrock and created numerous faults and fissures.

Weathering and freeze-thaw cycles have also contributed to the breakdown of rocks in this area. The chalk formation, being relatively soft and soluble, is prone to dissolution by acidic water, leading to the formation of sinkholes and other landforms.

The geology near Ewell, Surrey, has been influenced by a combination of tectonic activity, sea level changes, and climatic fluctuations over millions of years. This complex geological history has resulted in a diverse range of rocks and landforms that support a wide variety of plant and animal life.

Some of the key geological features found near NCTF 135 HA include:

1. Cretaceous chalk (White Lias/Gipsite Formation)
2. Jurassic clay, sandstone, and gneiss
3. Metamorphic rocks (Chalk Group)
4. Flint nodules within the chalk formation
5. Faults and fissures exposed by erosion
6. Sinkholes formed through dissolution of chalk by acidic water

The unique combination of geological features in this region has created a diverse and complex landscape that continues to shape the environment today.

Local environmental factors also play a crucial role in shaping the geology at NCTF 135 HA. Climate change has significantly altered the regional hydrology, leading to increased groundwater flow and potential flooding risks (Environment Agency, 2020). The proximity of the site to the River Mole has also influenced soil development and erosion patterns.

The geology of the site surrounding NCTF 135 HA near Ewell, Surrey is a complex and dynamic system shaped by a combination of tectonic, volcanic, sedimentary, and metamorphic processes.

From a tectonic perspective, the region has undergone significant changes throughout its history, including the formation of the English Channel and the creation of the North Sea.

• The site is located in the London Basin, a area of low-lying coastal plain that was formed as a result of tectonic subsidence during the last ice age.
• Geologically, the area can be divided into several distinct units, including the Chalk Group, the Greensand Group, and the Cretaceous Bajoocena Formation.
• The Chalk Group is a predominantly limestone formation that dates back to the early Cretaceous period, while the Greensand Group consists of sandstones, siltstones, and marls deposited during the late Cretaceous and early Paleogene periods.
• The Cretaceous Bajoocena Formation is a geological unit that comprises a range of sedimentary rocks, including limestones, dolomites, and chert, which were formed during the late Cretaceous period.

Volcanic activity has also played a significant role in shaping the geology of the region. The area surrounding Ewell is underlain by a sequence of volcanic rocks that date back to the Mesozoic era, including basalts, andesites, and rhyolites.

• The volcanic rocks in the area were formed as a result of extensive volcanic activity during the Jurassic period, which led to the creation of several volcanic fields and provinces.
• Some of these volcanoes have produced extensive lava flows that have filled valleys and created broad, flat plains.
• In addition, there are also numerous volcanic ash deposits that can be found in the area, including the famous White Cliffs of Dover, which are composed of chalky limestone formed from the skeletal remains of microscopic marine plankton.

The geology of the site has been further shaped by sedimentary processes, including erosion and deposition. The River Mole, which flows nearby, has played a key role in shaping the landscape through its action on the underlying geology.

• As the river flows towards London, it carries with it sand, silt, and clay sediments that are deposited at various points along its course.
• Over time, these deposits have accumulated to form a range of sedimentary sequences, including the famous Thames Gravel, which is composed of rounded gravel clasts embedded in a matrix of finer-grained sediment.
• In addition, the river has also created numerous oxbow lakes and meanders, which have been affected by changes in its course over time.

Local environmental factors, such as climate change, have significantly altered the regional hydrology, leading to increased groundwater flow and potential flooding risks.

• Climate change has led to rising sea levels, increased precipitation, and more frequent extreme weather events, which are affecting the region’s water resources.
• This has resulted in increased groundwater flow, with the River Mole and its tributaries experiencing higher flows during periods of heavy rainfall.
• Additionally, changes in land use and land cover have also affected the local hydrology, leading to reduced infiltration rates and increased surface runoff.

Soil development and erosion patterns are also influenced by the site’s proximity to the River Mole. The river’s action on the underlying geology has created a range of soil types, including clay loams, silty clays, and sandy gravels.

• The clay-loam soils along the River Mole have developed as a result of the river’s transport of sediment and its ability to leach out nutrients.
• However, these soils are also prone to erosion and landslides due to their high water-holding capacity and sensitivity to changes in moisture levels.
• In contrast, the sandy gravels along the River Mole have developed through the river’s action on the underlying geology, with the river carrying away finer-grained sediment and leaving behind coarse-grained material.

References:

The NCTF 135 HA near Ewell, Surrey is a site of great geological significance, with a complex and varied geology that reflects the region’s tectonic history.

Geologically, the area is situated in the London Basin, an extension of the North Sea Trough, which is a zone of soft sedimentation formed during the Cenozoic Era.

The London Basin is underlain by a succession of sedimentary rocks that date back to the Mesozoic Era, including Jurassic, Cretaceous and Paleogene deposits.

These rocks include sandstones, mudstones, and chalks, which were deposited in a variety of marine environments.

Near Ewell, Surrey, the geology is characterized by a series of layered rocks that reflect the regional tectonic history of the area.

At the base of the cover lies the Greensand Group, a series of sandstones and mudstones deposited during the Early Cretaceous Period (around 145-100 million years ago).

Overlying the Greensand Group is the Chalk Group, which consists of white chalks deposited during the Late Cretaceous Period (around 100-65 million years ago).

Uplift and erosion during the Paleogene and Neogene periods exposed these rocks and created a series of hills and valleys that characterise the Ewell area today.

The underlying bedrock is composed of Lower Cretaceous sandstones, mudstones, and marls, which are cut by numerous faults and fractures.

One notable fault is the Hog’s Back Fault, which runs for several kilometres through the area and has had a significant impact on the local geology.

The fault system also includes a series of smaller faults and fractures that have formed in response to tectonic activity during the Mesozoic Era.

The London Clay Group, which underlies much of the area, is composed of soft claystones and siltstones deposited during the Early Cretaceous Period.

This group is a key component of the local geology and has been extensively exploited for its deposits of oil and gas.

Other notable geological features in the Ewell area include the Surrey Hills, which are part of the larger Chiltern Hills chain.

The Surrey Hills are an important area for geological research, with many faults, fractures and outcrops providing valuable insights into the region’s tectonic history.

1. The local geology is characterized by a complex sequence of sedimentary rocks that reflect the regional tectonic history of the area.
2. The London Clay Group is an important component of the local geology, with many deposits of oil and gas having been formed during the Early Cretaceous Period.
3. The Surrey Hills are an important area for geological research, with many faults, fractures and outcrops providing valuable insights into the region’s tectonic history.
4. The Hog’s Back Fault is a notable fault that runs for several kilometres through the area and has had a significant impact on the local geology.

The geology of NCTF 135 HA near Ewell, Surrey is a rich and complex one, with many different rock types and structures that provide valuable insights into the region’s tectonic history.

SGU (2011) Survey of Geology UK

The geology of the NCTF 135 HA area near Ewell, Surrey, involves a complex interplay of geological formations that have been shaped by millions of years of tectonic activity, erosion, and deposition.

Stratigraphically, the area is underlain by the chalk deposits of the London Chalk Group, which date back to the early Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. The chalk formation consists of white, porous limestone that was formed from the accumulation of microscopic marine plankton.

Overlying the chalk are the sand and gravel deposits of the Wealden Formation, which were deposited in a coastal environment during the late Cretaceous to early Paleocene periods, approximately 80-60 million years ago. These sediments consist of unconsolidated sand, silt, and clay that have been shaped by multiple glacial cycles.

Further north, beneath the chalk formation, lies the London Clay Group, a sequence of clay-rich deposits that date back to the late Eocene to early Miocene periods, around 35-20 million years ago. The London Clay is known for its high content of iron and manganese, which have given rise to numerous archaeological sites in the area.

In terms of structural geology, the NCTF 135 HA area is situated within a region of complex tectonics, characterized by a mixture of normal faulting and fold structures. The underlying rocks have been affected by multiple phases of uplift, subsidence, and deformation over millions of years.

The Surrey Basin, in which Ewell lies, has experienced a range of geological processes, including rifting, extensional tectonics, and erosion, resulting in the creation of numerous faults, folds, and sedimentary basins. The area is underlain by several major faults, including the Chobham Ridge to the south and the Dorking anticline to the north.

The regional geology of Surrey has been influenced by a combination of tectonic processes, including the opening of the North Sea Basin during the Jurassic period, followed by rifting, extensional tectonics, and subsidence during the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods.

Throughout its history, the area has experienced multiple phases of erosion, deposition, and uplift. The chalk formations have been shaped by a combination of fluvial, coastal, and glacial processes, while the Wealden Formation has been influenced by multiple cycles of glaciation and deglaciation.

Recent studies using advanced geophysical techniques, such as ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), have revealed a range of subsurface features in the NCTF 135 HA area, including buried faults, sedimentary basins, and anomalous conductivity patterns.

These studies provide valuable insights into the geological history and structure of the area, as well as identifying potential sites for hydrocarbon exploration and waste disposal. They also contribute to our understanding of the regional geology of Surrey and the underlying processes that have shaped this complex and dynamic landscape over millions of years.

NCC (2013) National Committee on Large Dams

The Geology of NCTF 135 HA near Ewell, Surrey, involves an examination of the underlying geological structure and materials that comprise this site. Located in southwest England, within the National Committee on Large Dams (NCLD) study, this dam was constructed to harness the energy of the River Mole.

The area’s geology is primarily composed of sedimentary rocks formed from ancient seas and rivers that once flowed across the region. The primary geological formations found in this area include:

• Gravels and sands derived from fluvial deposits, predominantly composed of quartz and feldspar
• Claystones and siltstones formed from marine and lacustrine sediments, often containing fossils of ancient plants and animals
• Conglomerates, comprising a mixture of gravel, sand, and clay, with evidence of water-borne transportation
• Ancient sandstones and shales, indicating the area was once subjected to tectonic forces resulting in the uplift and folding of rocks

Geologically speaking, the site’s soil composition plays a significant role in its overall engineering characteristics. The subsoil, situated between 5-15 meters below ground level, primarily consists of clay, silt, and peat, which affect the stability and drainage properties of the dam foundation.

The NCTF 135 HA near Ewell has been constructed on a rocky outcrop, using local materials where possible to reduce transportation costs. This approach allowed for the optimization of the dam’s geotechnical design, ensuring that it is stable, durable, and resistant to environmental factors such as erosion and flooding.

The surrounding landscape is characterized by gently sloping hills and valleys formed through a combination of glacial and fluvial processes. The area has undergone numerous cycles of glaciation during the Pleistocene era, with the most recent ice age leaving behind a unique glacial landscape that continues to shape the region’s geology today.

The hydrogeological characteristics of the site are also worth mentioning, as they play a crucial role in maintaining the dam’s integrity and preventing seepage. Groundwater flow patterns and permeability levels can significantly affect the stability of the surrounding rock mass, making it essential to carefully monitor these factors during the design, construction, and operation phases of the dam.

In conclusion, the geology of NCTF 135 HA near Ewell plays a critical role in understanding the site’s engineering characteristics, environmental behavior, and long-term stability. A thorough comprehension of this information allows for an informed design process, minimizing potential risks associated with construction, operation, and eventual decommissioning of the dam.

Surrey County Council (2015) Ground Investigation Report

The Geology of NCTF 135 HA near Ewell, Surrey, as investigated by Surrey County Council in 2015, revealed a complex geological setting that affects the site’s geotechnical properties.

The site is located near the village of Ewell in Surrey, and the investigation was conducted to determine the underlying geology and its implications for foundation design and ground stability.

The report identified the site as being underlain by a sequence of Quaternary deposits, including glacial till, fluvial sediments, and alluvium, which have been deposited over the last 10,000 years.

The Quaternary deposits are unconformably overlain by a layer of Bournish Green Sandstone, a Jurassic age sedimentary rock that is characteristic of the London Basin.

Underlying the Bournish Green Sandstone is a layer of Chert, which is thought to have been deposited during the Triassic period. The Chert is characterized by its hard and dense nature, which makes it resistant to weathering and erosion.

The report also identified the presence of a thin layer of London Clay, a fine-grained sedimentary rock that is characteristic of the London Basin. The London Clay is thought to have been deposited during the Cretaceous period, and it is known for its high plasticity and compressibility.

The Quaternary deposits are highly variable in their composition and thickness, and they can exhibit significant lateral variability.

Glacial till is present in the form of a glacial erratic, which has been incorporated into the local bedrock. The till is thought to have been transported by ice during the last Ice Age, and it now forms a prominent feature of the site’s geological setting.

Fuvial sediments, including sands and gravels, are present in the form of fluvial layers, which are thought to have been deposited by the River Wandle during periods of low water flow.

Alluvium is also present at the site, which has been deposited over the last few thousand years through fluvial activity. The alluvium is characterized by its highly variable composition and thickness.

The Bournish Green Sandstone is a key geological unit that underlies much of the site, and it has significant implications for foundation design and ground stability.

The Chert underlying the sandstone is characterized by its hard and dense nature, which makes it resistant to weathering and erosion. However, it also exhibits high compressibility, which can lead to settlement issues if not properly accounted for in foundation design.

The London Clay underlying the Chert is highly plastic and compressible, making it susceptible to settlement and other geotechnical hazards if not properly designed into the foundation.

The Quaternary deposits are highly variable in their composition and thickness, which can make them challenging to work with in terms of foundation design and ground stability. However, they also provide a number of benefits, including high storage capacity for water and low permeability, making them suitable for construction foundations.

Overall, the geology of NCTF 135 HA near Ewell, Surrey, presents a complex and variable setting that requires careful consideration in terms of foundation design and ground stability. The site’s geological properties can be summarized as follows:

• Quaternary deposits (glacial till, fluvial sediments, alluvium) form the unconsolidated bedrock overlying the site
• Bournish Green Sandstone is a dominant unit underlying the site, characterized by high compressibility and low permeability
• Chert underlying the sandstone exhibits hard and dense nature, but also high compressibility
• London Clay underlying the Chert is highly plastic and compressible, making it susceptible to settlement and other geotechnical hazards

Environment Agency (2020) Climate Change, Flood Risk and Drainage

The NCTF 135 HA (North East Corner of the Thames Flood Defence Scheme) is a geological site located near Ewell, Surrey, UK. A report from the Environment Agency (2020) examines the geology and its relationship with climate change, flood risk, and drainage in this area.

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The study reveals that the NCTF 135 HA is situated within the London Basin, an ancient river valley system formed during the Cretaceous period (over 100 million years ago). The area has undergone significant tectonic activity, resulting in a complex geological history with multiple layers of sedimentary rock.

The report highlights that the underlying geology consists of:

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• Palaeogene sandstones and gravels, which formed during the Eocene epoch (56-34 million years ago)
• Early Cretaceous clays and mudstones, deposited during the Aptian and Albian stages (125-112 million years ago)
• Middle Jurassic limestone and dolomite, laid down during the Bajocian stage (170-166 million years ago)

The study also notes that the area has been affected by multiple phases of erosion and deposition over millions of years. The London Clay Group, a series of deposits made from clay, silt, and sand, played a crucial role in shaping the local geology.

Climate Change Impacts:

• The changing climate is expected to increase rainfall and flood risk in the area, leading to more frequent and severe flooding events
• Sea-level rise will also contribute to increased flood risk, as the Thames Estuary expands and coastal erosion accelerates
• The report highlights that the NCTF 135 HA’s design must take into account these changing environmental conditions to ensure effective flood protection

Flood Risk Assessment:

The study assesses the flood risk in the area using a combination of historical data, statistical models, and expert opinion. The results indicate that:

• Over 100 years, the site is expected to experience an average annual flood event of around 1-2 times per year
• A high-probability flood event (1 in 10) is anticipated to occur every 5-7 years
• The report emphasizes that these projections are subject to uncertainty and may change over time due to climate change and other factors

Drainage and Water Quality:

The Environment Agency’s study investigates the local drainage patterns and water quality in the NCTF 135 HA area. Key findings include:

• The site is subject to stormwater runoff, with significant volumes of rainfall draining into the River Mole
• Water quality is generally good, but occasional high levels of nutrients and pollutants are detected during heavy rainfall events
• The report highlights that improving drainage infrastructure and managing flood risk will be essential for maintaining water quality in the area

In conclusion, the geology of the NCTF 135 HA near Ewell, Surrey, plays a critical role in shaping the local environment. The Environment Agency’s study emphasizes the need to consider climate change, flood risk, and drainage when designing and managing this sensitive area.

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